References
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- Albeak E. (2014). Political Journalism in comparative perspective. Cambridge university press.
- Bagdikian, B. H. (2007). Media monopoly. The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology.
- Barnett, S. (2002). Will a crisis in Journalism provoke a crisis in democracy?. The Political Quarterly, 73(4), 400-408.
- Bennett, W. L., & Entman, R. M. (2001). Mediated politics: An introduction. Mediated politics: Communication in the future of democracy, 1, 1-30.
- Blumler, J. G., & Coleman, S. (2015). Democracy and the media - revisited. Javnost-The Public, 22(2), 111- 128.
- Cappella, J.A. & Jamieson, K.H. (1997). Spiral of Cynicism. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Conde, R. B., Calderón, C. A., & Pascual, R. M. (2016). Negativity in the Political News in the Spanish News Media. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, (71), 160.
- Dumitrescu, D., & Mughan, A. (2010). Mass media and democratic politics. In Handbook of politics (pp. 477-491). Springer, New York, NY.
- Ejaz, A. (2013). Impact of New Media on Dynamics of Pakistan's Politics. Journal of Political Studies, 20(1), 113-130.
- Esser, F., & Matthes, J. (2013). Mediatization effects on political news, political actors, political decisions, and political audiences. In Democracy in the age of globalization and mediatization (pp. 177- 201). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
- Farnsworth, S. J., & Lichter, S. R. (2007). The nightly news nightmare: Television's coverage of US presidential elections, 1988- 2004. Rowman & Littlefield.
- Fog, A. (2013). The supposed and the real role of mass media in modern democracy. Unpublished manuscript Technical University of Denmark.
- Guggenheim, L., Kwak, N., & Campbell, S. W. (2011). Nontraditional news negativity: The relationship of entertaining political news use to political cynicism and mistrust. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 23(3), 287-314.
- Gul, M., Obaid, Z., & Ali, S. (2017). Liberalization of media in Pakistan: A challenge to democracy. The Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 25(1), 37-54.
- Gurevitch, M. & Blumler, J. G. (1990). Political Communication Systems and Democratic Values. Democracy and Mass Media. Cambridge University Press.
- Hanitzsch, T., & Berganza, R. (2012). Explaining journalists' trust in public institutions across 20 countries: Media freedom, corruption, and ownership matter most. Journal of Communication, 62(5), 794-814.
- Kellner, D. (2004). The media and the crisis of democracy in the age of Bushâ€Â2. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, 1(1), 29-58.
- Khan, M. A. (2009). The mediatization of politics in Pakistan: A structural analysis. Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies, 1(1), 30-47.
- Lengauer, G., Esser, F., & Berganza, R. (2012). Negativity in political news: A review of concepts, operationalizations and key findings. Journalism, 13(2), 179-202.
- Mangi, S. N., Soomro, B. A., & Malik, A. A. (2018). Rebirth of democracy in Pakistan through Internet. Indian journal of science and technology, 11, 31.
- Michaelsen, M. (2011). New Media vs. Old Politics. The Internet, social media, and Democratisation in Pakistan. Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.
- Min, Y. (2004). News coverage of negative political campaigns: An experiment of negative campaign effects on turnout and candidate preference. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 9(4), 95-111.
- Nai, A. (2019). Watchdog press. The International Encyclopedia of Journalism Studies, 1-6.
- Patterson, T. E. (2008). The Negative effect: news, politics, and the public. The Hedgehog Review, 10(2), 60-69.
- Pintak, L., Bowe, B. J., & Nazir, S. J. (2018). Mediatization in Pakistan: Perceptions of media influence on a fragile democracy. Journalism, 19(7), 934-958.
- Qadeer, A., Shehzad, W., & Chishti, M. I. (2017). Print Media Practices in the Representation of Political Discourse in Pakistan. Publication Branch National University Of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan, 186.
- Sadiq. S., Mohd Z. & Ajis N. M. (2018). The Role Of Institutional Trust and Political Accountability in Pakistan: An Empirical Study. Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences. Retrieved from http://www.eajournals.org/wp- content/uploads/The-Role-of- Institutional-Trust-and-Political- Accountability-in-Pakistan.pdf
- Ullah, M. S. (2009). Free media, democracy and democratisation: Experiences from developing countries. Journal of Global Communication, 2(2), 341-349.
- Voltmer, K. (2006). The mass media and the dynamics of political communication in processes of democratization. Mass media and political communication in new democracies, 1-20.
- Voltmer, K., & Sorensen, L. (2019). Media, Power, Citizenship: The Mediatization of Democratic Change. In Media, Communication and the Struggle for Democratic Change (pp. 35-58). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
- Waqas, M., & Khattak, M. (2001). Democracy in Pakistan: Problems and Prospects in Making Informed Choices. International Journal of Social Sciences and Management, 4(1), 9-11.
- Abbas, Q. (2015). Mediatising Political Rhetoric: Media Logic at the Long March in Pakistan. South Asian Survey, 22(1), 37-53.
- Albeak E. (2014). Political Journalism in comparative perspective. Cambridge university press.
- Bagdikian, B. H. (2007). Media monopoly. The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology.
- Barnett, S. (2002). Will a crisis in Journalism provoke a crisis in democracy?. The Political Quarterly, 73(4), 400-408.
- Bennett, W. L., & Entman, R. M. (2001). Mediated politics: An introduction. Mediated politics: Communication in the future of democracy, 1, 1-30.
- Blumler, J. G., & Coleman, S. (2015). Democracy and the media - revisited. Javnost-The Public, 22(2), 111- 128.
- Cappella, J.A. & Jamieson, K.H. (1997). Spiral of Cynicism. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Conde, R. B., Calderón, C. A., & Pascual, R. M. (2016). Negativity in the Political News in the Spanish News Media. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, (71), 160.
- Dumitrescu, D., & Mughan, A. (2010). Mass media and democratic politics. In Handbook of politics (pp. 477-491). Springer, New York, NY.
- Ejaz, A. (2013). Impact of New Media on Dynamics of Pakistan's Politics. Journal of Political Studies, 20(1), 113-130.
- Esser, F., & Matthes, J. (2013). Mediatization effects on political news, political actors, political decisions, and political audiences. In Democracy in the age of globalization and mediatization (pp. 177- 201). Palgrave Macmillan, London.
- Farnsworth, S. J., & Lichter, S. R. (2007). The nightly news nightmare: Television's coverage of US presidential elections, 1988- 2004. Rowman & Littlefield.
- Fog, A. (2013). The supposed and the real role of mass media in modern democracy. Unpublished manuscript Technical University of Denmark.
- Guggenheim, L., Kwak, N., & Campbell, S. W. (2011). Nontraditional news negativity: The relationship of entertaining political news use to political cynicism and mistrust. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, 23(3), 287-314.
- Gul, M., Obaid, Z., & Ali, S. (2017). Liberalization of media in Pakistan: A challenge to democracy. The Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 25(1), 37-54.
- Gurevitch, M. & Blumler, J. G. (1990). Political Communication Systems and Democratic Values. Democracy and Mass Media. Cambridge University Press.
- Hanitzsch, T., & Berganza, R. (2012). Explaining journalists' trust in public institutions across 20 countries: Media freedom, corruption, and ownership matter most. Journal of Communication, 62(5), 794-814.
- Kellner, D. (2004). The media and the crisis of democracy in the age of Bushâ€Â2. Communication and Critical/Cultural Studies, 1(1), 29-58.
- Khan, M. A. (2009). The mediatization of politics in Pakistan: A structural analysis. Pakistaniaat: A Journal of Pakistan Studies, 1(1), 30-47.
- Lengauer, G., Esser, F., & Berganza, R. (2012). Negativity in political news: A review of concepts, operationalizations and key findings. Journalism, 13(2), 179-202.
- Mangi, S. N., Soomro, B. A., & Malik, A. A. (2018). Rebirth of democracy in Pakistan through Internet. Indian journal of science and technology, 11, 31.
- Michaelsen, M. (2011). New Media vs. Old Politics. The Internet, social media, and Democratisation in Pakistan. Berlin: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung.
- Min, Y. (2004). News coverage of negative political campaigns: An experiment of negative campaign effects on turnout and candidate preference. Harvard International Journal of Press/Politics, 9(4), 95-111.
- Nai, A. (2019). Watchdog press. The International Encyclopedia of Journalism Studies, 1-6.
- Patterson, T. E. (2008). The Negative effect: news, politics, and the public. The Hedgehog Review, 10(2), 60-69.
- Pintak, L., Bowe, B. J., & Nazir, S. J. (2018). Mediatization in Pakistan: Perceptions of media influence on a fragile democracy. Journalism, 19(7), 934-958.
- Qadeer, A., Shehzad, W., & Chishti, M. I. (2017). Print Media Practices in the Representation of Political Discourse in Pakistan. Publication Branch National University Of Modern Languages Islamabad, Pakistan, 186.
- Sadiq. S., Mohd Z. & Ajis N. M. (2018). The Role Of Institutional Trust and Political Accountability in Pakistan: An Empirical Study. Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences. Retrieved from http://www.eajournals.org/wp- content/uploads/The-Role-of- Institutional-Trust-and-Political- Accountability-in-Pakistan.pdf
- Ullah, M. S. (2009). Free media, democracy and democratisation: Experiences from developing countries. Journal of Global Communication, 2(2), 341-349.
- Voltmer, K. (2006). The mass media and the dynamics of political communication in processes of democratization. Mass media and political communication in new democracies, 1-20.
- Voltmer, K., & Sorensen, L. (2019). Media, Power, Citizenship: The Mediatization of Democratic Change. In Media, Communication and the Struggle for Democratic Change (pp. 35-58). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
- Waqas, M., & Khattak, M. (2001). Democracy in Pakistan: Problems and Prospects in Making Informed Choices. International Journal of Social Sciences and Management, 4(1), 9-11.
Cite this article
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APA : Jamali, Y., & Hussain, S. (2021). Analyzing Negativity in Democratic Media Setup: Case Study of PDM. Global Mass Communication Review, VI(I), 149-160. https://doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2021(VI-I).12
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CHICAGO : Jamali, Yasmin, and Shabbir Hussain. 2021. "Analyzing Negativity in Democratic Media Setup: Case Study of PDM." Global Mass Communication Review, VI (I): 149-160 doi: 10.31703/gmcr.2021(VI-I).12
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HARVARD : JAMALI, Y. & HUSSAIN, S. 2021. Analyzing Negativity in Democratic Media Setup: Case Study of PDM. Global Mass Communication Review, VI, 149-160.
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MHRA : Jamali, Yasmin, and Shabbir Hussain. 2021. "Analyzing Negativity in Democratic Media Setup: Case Study of PDM." Global Mass Communication Review, VI: 149-160
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MLA : Jamali, Yasmin, and Shabbir Hussain. "Analyzing Negativity in Democratic Media Setup: Case Study of PDM." Global Mass Communication Review, VI.I (2021): 149-160 Print.
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OXFORD : Jamali, Yasmin and Hussain, Shabbir (2021), "Analyzing Negativity in Democratic Media Setup: Case Study of PDM", Global Mass Communication Review, VI (I), 149-160
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TURABIAN : Jamali, Yasmin, and Shabbir Hussain. "Analyzing Negativity in Democratic Media Setup: Case Study of PDM." Global Mass Communication Review VI, no. I (2021): 149-160. https://doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2021(VI-I).12