References
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- Beaumont, E. (2010). Political Agency and Empowerment Pathways for Developing a Sense of Political Efficacy in Young Adults. In J. T.-P. Edited by Lonnie R. Sherrod, Handbook of Research on Civic Engagement in Youth (pp. 525-556). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- Coleman, K. M., & Davis, C. L. (1976). The structural context of politics and dimensions of regime performance: Their importance for the comparative study of political efficacy. Comparative Political Studies, 9, 189-206.
- Converse, P. (1972). Change in the American electorate. In A. C. (Eds.), The human meaning of social change (pp. 263-337). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
- Craig, S. C., Niemi, R. G., & Silver, G. E. (1990). Political efficacy and trust: A report on the NES pilot study items. Political Behavior , 12, 289-314. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00992337.
- Dilliplane, S., Goldman, S. K., & Mutz, D. C. (2013). Televised exposure to politics: New measures for a fragmented media environment. American Journal of Political Science, 57, 236-248. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540- 5907.2012.00600.x.
- Gaziano, C. (1988). How credible is the credibility crisis? . Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 65: 267-278.
- Gunther, A. C., & Storey, J. D. (2003). The Influence of Presumed Influence . Journal of Communication, 35(2):199-215.
- Iftikhar, I., & Akbar, R. (2015). The Conversational Mapping of the Public Sphere of Pakistan. Journal of Elementary Education, 25(1). pp. 167-172.
- Iftikhar, I., Raja, S. R., & Khalid, S. (2020). Pakistani Media Users: From Political information Repertoires to Political Participation. . Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies, DOI: 10.47609/0102012019.
- Iftikhar, I., Ullah, R., Naureen, N., & Ali, H. (2016). Deliberative Democracy: Effect of News Media and Interpersonal Conversation on Quality of Public Opinion. Research Journal of South Asian Studies,31(1), pp 43-56.
- Kenski, K., & Stroud, N. J. (2006). Connections between internet use and political efficacy,knowledge, and participation. Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media, 50(2), 173-192. doi: 10.1207/s15506878jobem5002_1 .
- Kiousis, S. (2001). Public trust or mistrust? Perceptions of media credibility in the information age. Mass Communication & Society, 4(4): 381-403.
- Lee, K. M. (2006). Effects of Internet use on college students' political efficacy. Cyberpsychology & Behavior : The Impact of the Internet, Multimedia and Virtual Realityon Behavior and Society, 9(4), 415- 22. doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9.415.
- Livingstone, S., & Markham, T. (2008). The contribution of media consumption to civic participation. The British Journal of Sociology , 59(2): 351-371.
- Lu, S., & Luqiu, L. R. (2020). Does political efficacy equally predict news engagement across countries? A multilevel analysis of the relationship among internal political efficacy, media environment and news engagemen. New Media & Society, 22(20), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448198884 17.
- Morrell, M. E. (2003). Survey and experimental evidence for a reliable and valid measure of internal political efficacy . Public Opinion Quarterly, 67, 589-602.
- Niemi, R. G., Craig, S. C., & Mattei, F. (1991). Measuring internal political efficacy in the 1998 National Election Study. The American Political Science Review, 85, 1407-1413.
- Schunk, D. H., & Pajares, F. (2004). Self-effi cacy in education revisited: Empirical and applied evidence. In D. M. (Eds.), Big theories revisited (pp. 115-138). Greenwich, CT: Information Age.
- Semetko, H., & Valkenburg, P. (1998). The impact of attentiveness on political efficacy:evidence from a three-year German panel study. . International Journal of Public Opinion Research , 10(3): 195-2.
- Sultana, I. I. (2020). News Media Use and Political Attitudes of the University Students of Pakistan. . Global Political Review, V(III), 59-67. . https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(V- III).06
- Tedesco, J. (2007). Examining internet interactivity effects on young adult political information efficacy. American Behavioral Scientist, 50(9), 1183-1194. doi:10.1177/0002764207300041.
- Tewksbury, D., Hals, M., & Bibart, A. (2008). The efficacy of news browsing: the relationship of news consumption style to social and political efficacy. . Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , 85(2): 257-272.
- Tsfati, Y., & Cappella, J. (2003). Do people watch what they do not trust? Exploring the association between news media skepticism and exposure. Communication Research , 30(5): 504-529.
- Tsfati, Y., & Cappella, J. (2005). Why do people watch news they do not trust? The need for cogni-tion as a moderator in the association between news media skepticism and exposure. Media Psychology, 7(3): 251-271.
- Balch, G. (1974). Multiple indicators in survey research: The concept
- Beaumont, E. (2010). Political Agency and Empowerment Pathways for Developing a Sense of Political Efficacy in Young Adults. In J. T.-P. Edited by Lonnie R. Sherrod, Handbook of Research on Civic Engagement in Youth (pp. 525-556). John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- Coleman, K. M., & Davis, C. L. (1976). The structural context of politics and dimensions of regime performance: Their importance for the comparative study of political efficacy. Comparative Political Studies, 9, 189-206.
- Converse, P. (1972). Change in the American electorate. In A. C. (Eds.), The human meaning of social change (pp. 263-337). New York: Russell Sage Foundation.
- Craig, S. C., Niemi, R. G., & Silver, G. E. (1990). Political efficacy and trust: A report on the NES pilot study items. Political Behavior , 12, 289-314. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00992337.
- Dilliplane, S., Goldman, S. K., & Mutz, D. C. (2013). Televised exposure to politics: New measures for a fragmented media environment. American Journal of Political Science, 57, 236-248. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540- 5907.2012.00600.x.
- Gaziano, C. (1988). How credible is the credibility crisis? . Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 65: 267-278.
- Gunther, A. C., & Storey, J. D. (2003). The Influence of Presumed Influence . Journal of Communication, 35(2):199-215.
- Iftikhar, I., & Akbar, R. (2015). The Conversational Mapping of the Public Sphere of Pakistan. Journal of Elementary Education, 25(1). pp. 167-172.
- Iftikhar, I., Raja, S. R., & Khalid, S. (2020). Pakistani Media Users: From Political information Repertoires to Political Participation. . Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies, DOI: 10.47609/0102012019.
- Iftikhar, I., Ullah, R., Naureen, N., & Ali, H. (2016). Deliberative Democracy: Effect of News Media and Interpersonal Conversation on Quality of Public Opinion. Research Journal of South Asian Studies,31(1), pp 43-56.
- Kenski, K., & Stroud, N. J. (2006). Connections between internet use and political efficacy,knowledge, and participation. Journal of Broadcasting Electronic Media, 50(2), 173-192. doi: 10.1207/s15506878jobem5002_1 .
- Kiousis, S. (2001). Public trust or mistrust? Perceptions of media credibility in the information age. Mass Communication & Society, 4(4): 381-403.
- Lee, K. M. (2006). Effects of Internet use on college students' political efficacy. Cyberpsychology & Behavior : The Impact of the Internet, Multimedia and Virtual Realityon Behavior and Society, 9(4), 415- 22. doi:10.1089/cpb.2006.9.415.
- Livingstone, S., & Markham, T. (2008). The contribution of media consumption to civic participation. The British Journal of Sociology , 59(2): 351-371.
- Lu, S., & Luqiu, L. R. (2020). Does political efficacy equally predict news engagement across countries? A multilevel analysis of the relationship among internal political efficacy, media environment and news engagemen. New Media & Society, 22(20), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/14614448198884 17.
- Morrell, M. E. (2003). Survey and experimental evidence for a reliable and valid measure of internal political efficacy . Public Opinion Quarterly, 67, 589-602.
- Niemi, R. G., Craig, S. C., & Mattei, F. (1991). Measuring internal political efficacy in the 1998 National Election Study. The American Political Science Review, 85, 1407-1413.
- Schunk, D. H., & Pajares, F. (2004). Self-effi cacy in education revisited: Empirical and applied evidence. In D. M. (Eds.), Big theories revisited (pp. 115-138). Greenwich, CT: Information Age.
- Semetko, H., & Valkenburg, P. (1998). The impact of attentiveness on political efficacy:evidence from a three-year German panel study. . International Journal of Public Opinion Research , 10(3): 195-2.
- Sultana, I. I. (2020). News Media Use and Political Attitudes of the University Students of Pakistan. . Global Political Review, V(III), 59-67. . https://doi.org/10.31703/gpr.2020(V- III).06
- Tedesco, J. (2007). Examining internet interactivity effects on young adult political information efficacy. American Behavioral Scientist, 50(9), 1183-1194. doi:10.1177/0002764207300041.
- Tewksbury, D., Hals, M., & Bibart, A. (2008). The efficacy of news browsing: the relationship of news consumption style to social and political efficacy. . Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly , 85(2): 257-272.
- Tsfati, Y., & Cappella, J. (2003). Do people watch what they do not trust? Exploring the association between news media skepticism and exposure. Communication Research , 30(5): 504-529.
- Tsfati, Y., & Cappella, J. (2005). Why do people watch news they do not trust? The need for cogni-tion as a moderator in the association between news media skepticism and exposure. Media Psychology, 7(3): 251-271.
Cite this article
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APA : Iftikhar, I., Sultana, I., & Tanveer, S. (2021). Impact of TV Talk Shows on Political Efficacy of University Students of Pakistan. Global Mass Communication Review, VI(I), 288-301. https://doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2021(VI-I).22
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CHICAGO : Iftikhar, Ifra, Irem Sultana, and Samina Tanveer. 2021. "Impact of TV Talk Shows on Political Efficacy of University Students of Pakistan." Global Mass Communication Review, VI (I): 288-301 doi: 10.31703/gmcr.2021(VI-I).22
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HARVARD : IFTIKHAR, I., SULTANA, I. & TANVEER, S. 2021. Impact of TV Talk Shows on Political Efficacy of University Students of Pakistan. Global Mass Communication Review, VI, 288-301.
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MHRA : Iftikhar, Ifra, Irem Sultana, and Samina Tanveer. 2021. "Impact of TV Talk Shows on Political Efficacy of University Students of Pakistan." Global Mass Communication Review, VI: 288-301
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MLA : Iftikhar, Ifra, Irem Sultana, and Samina Tanveer. "Impact of TV Talk Shows on Political Efficacy of University Students of Pakistan." Global Mass Communication Review, VI.I (2021): 288-301 Print.
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OXFORD : Iftikhar, Ifra, Sultana, Irem, and Tanveer, Samina (2021), "Impact of TV Talk Shows on Political Efficacy of University Students of Pakistan", Global Mass Communication Review, VI (I), 288-301
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TURABIAN : Iftikhar, Ifra, Irem Sultana, and Samina Tanveer. "Impact of TV Talk Shows on Political Efficacy of University Students of Pakistan." Global Mass Communication Review VI, no. I (2021): 288-301. https://doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2021(VI-I).22