PAKISTAN AS FRONTLINE STATE IN WAR ON TERROR FRAMING ANALYSIS OF THE NEW YORK TIMES

http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2020(V-IV).13      10.31703/gmcr.2020(V-IV).13      Published : Dec 2020
Authored by : Javed Ahmed Khattak , Manzoor Khan Afridi , Shabbir Hussain

13 Pages : 172-185

References

  • Abbas Zaidi, S. M. (2009). Hating the Taliban, Hating the United States: Trajectories of Pakistan's Anti-Americanism. American Foreign Policy Interests, 31(6), 376-388.
  • Abel, S., Miller, A., & Filak, V. (2001). TV Coverage of Breaking News in First Hours of Tragedy. Media in an American Crisis: Studies of September 11, 105-15
  • Abrahamian, E. (2003), The US media, Huntington and September 11. Third world quarterly, 24 (3).
  • Ahmed, J. (2014), Role of Media in Democracy: A case study of Pakistan. MPHIL IR thesis,
  • Ali, S. (2001). US Print Media and Portrayal of Muslim World: A Study of Newsweek and Time (1991-2001 (Doctoral dissertation, Bahauddin Zakariya University MULTAN).
  • Ali, S. (2012). American Print Media & Muslim World: Portrayal of the US Allies, Enemies and Neutral Muslim Countries in
  • Ali, Z., Jan, M., & Saleem, N. (2013). Portrayal of Pakistan by US leading news magazines. Science International, 25(4), 965-970.
  • Alimov, B. (2016). A Study on the Negative National Image of Uzbekistan in Western News Media.International Journal of Central Asian Studies,20, 217-236.
  • Dar, A., & Ali, S. (2015). How Pakistani and the US elite print Media painted issue of Drone Attacks: Framing the Analysis of the News International and the New York Times. Global Media Journal: Pakistani Edition, 8(2)
  • Griffin, M. (2004). Picturing America's 'War on Terrorism' in Afghanistan and Iraq. Journalism, 5 (4).
  • Hyder. Shabir, Naeem. Akram, and Ihtsham, Ul Haq, (2015) Impact of terrorismon Economic development In Pakistan Shabir hyder, Pakistan Business Review Jan 2015
  • Ibrahim, D. (2010). The Framing of Islam On Network News Following the September 11Th Attacks.International Communication Gazette, 72 (1)
  • Imtiaz, H. (2012, July 3). After US Says http://tribune.com.pk/story/403075/us-sayssorry- for-salala-attack
  • Iqbal, Zafar and Zareen Zubair, (2014), Construction of Pakistan Army in the Western Media:Discourse Analysis of Leading Articles of Time and The Economist, Journal of Political Studies, Vol. 21, Issue - 2, 2014, 143:167.
  • Ishaq Nasim, Noshina Saleem, Hanan Ahmad and Salma Amber, (2017),Covering US Led Invasion of Afghanistan: A Comparative Analysis of the Treatment of the Economist, Time and the Herald, Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan Volume No. 54(2).
  • Jabaid, (2011). Post Salala Pak-US Relations: Revisiting Terms of Engagement, Central Asia, 68.
  • Jan, Mirza, Zafar Ali, Muhammad Siddiq and Noshina, (2013), Counter Terrorism Activities in Pakistan: Comparative Study Of The Editorials Of Elite Newspapers GomalUniversity Journal of Research, 29(2) Dec 2013.
  • Javaid, U. (2011). War on terror: Pakistans apprehensions. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 5(3), 125-131.
  • Javaid, U., & Ali, Z. (2013). War on Terror Partnership: Problems and Prospects for Pakistan. Journal of Political Studies, 20(1), 51-66.
  • Kaltenthaler, K., Miller, W., &Fair, C. (2012). The Drone War: Pakistani Public Attitudes toward American Drone Strikes in Pakistan. Paper prepared for presentation at the Annual Meetings of the Midwest Political Science Association Meetings, Chicago, IL.
  • Kayani, (2011). Global War on Terror: The Cost Pakistan is Paying, Margalla Papers 2011.
  • Kennedy, P. (2001). The genie is out of the bottle. The Independent. Retrieved from http.//agument.indepdendent.co.uk/commentators/story.jsp?story-94233.
  • Khalid, 2016). Pakistan's Military Operations: the Counter terrorism Strategy (2001-2013) Prospects and Implications JRSP, Vol. 53, No. 2, July-December, 2016
  • Khan, (2010). Image of US in Pakistani Elite Newspaper Editorials after 9/11 Incident: A Comparative Study of The Dawn and Nawa-i-Waqt with Special Regard to Media Conformity Theory, Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS) Vol. 30, No. 2 (December 2010), pp. 325-339.
  • Khan, (2013). Pakistan's Contribution To Global War On Terror After 9/11, IPRI Journal XIII, no. 1 (Winter 2013): 37-56
  • Khan, (2016). Operation Zarb-e-Azb: An Analysis of Media Coverage, 36.
  • Khan, (2017). Gains of Radd-ul-Fassad , Institute of Strategic studies, retrieved on 13-05-2019 http://issi.org.pk/wp- content/uploads/2017/08/Final_IB_Asad_dated_18-8-2017.pdf
  • Khan, M. A. & Imran, F. (2011). Treatment of Pakistani elite press about government activities against war on terror: A media conformity approach. European Journal of Social Sciences, 19(3) 331- 341.
  • Khan, M. A. & Safdar, A. (2010). Image of US in Pakistani elite newspaper editorials after 9/11 incident: A comparative study of the Dawn and Nawa-i-Waqt. Pakistan Journal of SocialSciences, 30(2), 325-339.
  • Khan, M. A. (2014). US Mass Media and Image of Pakistan: An Analysis of Newsweek and the Economist after Salala Incident.Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 22 (2).
  • Khan, P. (2016). Teachers' perceptions regarding Relationship between War on Terror and the Academic Achievements of Traumatized Students in Village Safi, Mohmand Agency. Central Asia, 78(1), 65-90.
  • Khan, Z. A. (2012). Military operations in FATA and PATA: implications for Pakistan. Strategic Studies 31, 136-145.
  • Khan, Zahd Ali, (2014). Military operations in FATA and PATA: implications for Pakistan, http://www.issi.org.pk/wp content/uploads/2014/06/1339999992_58398784.pdf
  • Kunczik, M. (2001). Globalization: News media, images of nations and the flow of international capital with special reference to the role of rating agencies. Deutsches Ubersee-Institut (pp. 2-6). Singapure: Deutsches Ubersee-Institut.
  • Lipschultz, J. H. (2007). Framing Terror: Violence, Social Conflict, and the
  • McCombs, M., & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The agenda-setting function of the press. Public Opinion Quarterly, 36, 176-187.
  • McNair, B. (2010). UK media coverage of September 11. Journal of Media Sociology, 2(1-4), 29- 37.
  • McQuail, D. (1994). Mass Communication Theory: An Introduction. California: Sage.Poole, E& / Richardson, J.E. (2006). Muslims and the News Media. London: IB Tauris.
  • McQueen, D. (2010). Panorama's coverage of 9-11 and the war on terror. In Political Studies Association (PSA) Conference: Sixty Years of Political Studies: Achievements and Futures, 29 March-1April 2010, Edinburgh University, Scotland.
  • Monahan, B. A. (2010). The shock of the news: Media coverage and the making of 9/11. NYU Press.
  • Rafique , Muhammad, (2013). Us Image In The Pakistani Print Media: A Case Study of Pre and Post Abbottabad Operation, NDU Journal.
  • Rafique, N. (2015). Pakistan-US Relations. Strategic Studies, 35(3), 43-70.
  • Rafique,(2011).Pakistan-US Relations: Reset After 2011retrieved dated 10-04-2019 http://issi.org.pk/wp content/uploads/2016/05/Najam_Vol.35_No.3_2015.pdf
  • Safdar, A. (2015). A comparative study of Pakistani & British newspapers' editorials on the coverage of 'War on Terror' (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Utara Malaysia)
  • Safdar, A., & Budiman, A. M. (2018). Reportage of War on Terror by Pakistani Print Media: With Agenda setting perspective. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS), 38(1), 48- 49.
  • Saleem, N. (2007). US media framing of foreign countries image: An analytical perspective. Canadian Journal of Media Studies, 2(1), 130-162.
  • Shabbir, M. (2012). Pakistan's image dilemma: Quest for remedial action. ISSRA Papers, 29-58.
  • Shabir, G., Ali, S., & Iqbal, Z. (2011). US mass media and image of Afghanistan: Portrayal of Afghanistan by Newsweek and Time. South Asian Studies, 26(1), 83-101.
  • Shabir, G., Hussain, T., & Iqbal, Y. (2014). Portrayal of Pakistan in the New York Times and the Washington Post: A Study of Editorials during 2008 to 2010. Mass Communication and Journalism, 4, 179.
  • Shah, H. (2010). The inside pages: An analysis of the Pakistani Press: The Tongue-tied Press of Pakistan: Comparing English and Urdu Newspapers. The Center for Strategic and International Studies. Reterieved February 24, 2012, from http://www. pdfdetective.com/pdf/the-inside-pages- an-analysis-of-the pakistani-press- 34817.html.
  • Shah, Z. Alternative Perspective on Afghanistan Endgame.International Research Journal of Social Sciences, 2(8), 25-37.
  • Sohrab, W., & Choudhry, I. (2012). Pak-US Relations in 21st Century: Challenges and Opportunities for Pakistan. Berkeley Journal of Social Sciences, 2(3), 1-16.
  • Sultana, S., & Khawaja Alqama, S. (2012). Pakistan: The Critical Battlefield of War on Terrorism. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS), 32(1).49-63.
  • Tankard, J. W. (2001). The empirical approach to the study of media framing. Framing public life:
  • United States Department of State. (2015). Country Reports on Terrorism 2014.
  • US Department of State. (2014). Country Reports on Terrorism 2013. Retrieved from http://www.state.gov/j/ct/ rls/crt/ 2014/ 239408.htm.
  • US, Pakistan Ties Fully Repaired: Khar. (2012, November 28). Express Tribune. Retrieved from http://tribune.com.pk/story/472225/us-pakistan-ties-fully-repairedkhar
  • Yousaf, S. (2012). Representation of Pakistan: A Framing Analysis of the Coverage in the US and Chinese News Media Surrounding Operation Zarb-e-Azb. International Journal of Communication, 9, 23.
  • Yousaf, Z., & Sheikh, M. U. (2016). Treatment of Terrorism Issue in Pakistani Minorities Press. Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities (1994-7046), 24(2).
  • Yousufi, M., & Islam, F. U. (2017). A Critical Analysis of Terrorism and Military Operations in Malakand Division (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa). Global Social Sciences Review, 2(2), 109- 121.
  • Abbas Zaidi, S. M. (2009). Hating the Taliban, Hating the United States: Trajectories of Pakistan's Anti-Americanism. American Foreign Policy Interests, 31(6), 376-388.
  • Abel, S., Miller, A., & Filak, V. (2001). TV Coverage of Breaking News in First Hours of Tragedy. Media in an American Crisis: Studies of September 11, 105-15
  • Abrahamian, E. (2003), The US media, Huntington and September 11. Third world quarterly, 24 (3).
  • Ahmed, J. (2014), Role of Media in Democracy: A case study of Pakistan. MPHIL IR thesis,
  • Ali, S. (2001). US Print Media and Portrayal of Muslim World: A Study of Newsweek and Time (1991-2001 (Doctoral dissertation, Bahauddin Zakariya University MULTAN).
  • Ali, S. (2012). American Print Media & Muslim World: Portrayal of the US Allies, Enemies and Neutral Muslim Countries in
  • Ali, Z., Jan, M., & Saleem, N. (2013). Portrayal of Pakistan by US leading news magazines. Science International, 25(4), 965-970.
  • Alimov, B. (2016). A Study on the Negative National Image of Uzbekistan in Western News Media.International Journal of Central Asian Studies,20, 217-236.
  • Dar, A., & Ali, S. (2015). How Pakistani and the US elite print Media painted issue of Drone Attacks: Framing the Analysis of the News International and the New York Times. Global Media Journal: Pakistani Edition, 8(2)
  • Griffin, M. (2004). Picturing America's 'War on Terrorism' in Afghanistan and Iraq. Journalism, 5 (4).
  • Hyder. Shabir, Naeem. Akram, and Ihtsham, Ul Haq, (2015) Impact of terrorismon Economic development In Pakistan Shabir hyder, Pakistan Business Review Jan 2015
  • Ibrahim, D. (2010). The Framing of Islam On Network News Following the September 11Th Attacks.International Communication Gazette, 72 (1)
  • Imtiaz, H. (2012, July 3). After US Says http://tribune.com.pk/story/403075/us-sayssorry- for-salala-attack
  • Iqbal, Zafar and Zareen Zubair, (2014), Construction of Pakistan Army in the Western Media:Discourse Analysis of Leading Articles of Time and The Economist, Journal of Political Studies, Vol. 21, Issue - 2, 2014, 143:167.
  • Ishaq Nasim, Noshina Saleem, Hanan Ahmad and Salma Amber, (2017),Covering US Led Invasion of Afghanistan: A Comparative Analysis of the Treatment of the Economist, Time and the Herald, Journal of the Research Society of Pakistan Volume No. 54(2).
  • Jabaid, (2011). Post Salala Pak-US Relations: Revisiting Terms of Engagement, Central Asia, 68.
  • Jan, Mirza, Zafar Ali, Muhammad Siddiq and Noshina, (2013), Counter Terrorism Activities in Pakistan: Comparative Study Of The Editorials Of Elite Newspapers GomalUniversity Journal of Research, 29(2) Dec 2013.
  • Javaid, U. (2011). War on terror: Pakistans apprehensions. African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 5(3), 125-131.
  • Javaid, U., & Ali, Z. (2013). War on Terror Partnership: Problems and Prospects for Pakistan. Journal of Political Studies, 20(1), 51-66.
  • Kaltenthaler, K., Miller, W., &Fair, C. (2012). The Drone War: Pakistani Public Attitudes toward American Drone Strikes in Pakistan. Paper prepared for presentation at the Annual Meetings of the Midwest Political Science Association Meetings, Chicago, IL.
  • Kayani, (2011). Global War on Terror: The Cost Pakistan is Paying, Margalla Papers 2011.
  • Kennedy, P. (2001). The genie is out of the bottle. The Independent. Retrieved from http.//agument.indepdendent.co.uk/commentators/story.jsp?story-94233.
  • Khalid, 2016). Pakistan's Military Operations: the Counter terrorism Strategy (2001-2013) Prospects and Implications JRSP, Vol. 53, No. 2, July-December, 2016
  • Khan, (2010). Image of US in Pakistani Elite Newspaper Editorials after 9/11 Incident: A Comparative Study of The Dawn and Nawa-i-Waqt with Special Regard to Media Conformity Theory, Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS) Vol. 30, No. 2 (December 2010), pp. 325-339.
  • Khan, (2013). Pakistan's Contribution To Global War On Terror After 9/11, IPRI Journal XIII, no. 1 (Winter 2013): 37-56
  • Khan, (2016). Operation Zarb-e-Azb: An Analysis of Media Coverage, 36.
  • Khan, (2017). Gains of Radd-ul-Fassad , Institute of Strategic studies, retrieved on 13-05-2019 http://issi.org.pk/wp- content/uploads/2017/08/Final_IB_Asad_dated_18-8-2017.pdf
  • Khan, M. A. & Imran, F. (2011). Treatment of Pakistani elite press about government activities against war on terror: A media conformity approach. European Journal of Social Sciences, 19(3) 331- 341.
  • Khan, M. A. & Safdar, A. (2010). Image of US in Pakistani elite newspaper editorials after 9/11 incident: A comparative study of the Dawn and Nawa-i-Waqt. Pakistan Journal of SocialSciences, 30(2), 325-339.
  • Khan, M. A. (2014). US Mass Media and Image of Pakistan: An Analysis of Newsweek and the Economist after Salala Incident.Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 22 (2).
  • Khan, P. (2016). Teachers' perceptions regarding Relationship between War on Terror and the Academic Achievements of Traumatized Students in Village Safi, Mohmand Agency. Central Asia, 78(1), 65-90.
  • Khan, Z. A. (2012). Military operations in FATA and PATA: implications for Pakistan. Strategic Studies 31, 136-145.
  • Khan, Zahd Ali, (2014). Military operations in FATA and PATA: implications for Pakistan, http://www.issi.org.pk/wp content/uploads/2014/06/1339999992_58398784.pdf
  • Kunczik, M. (2001). Globalization: News media, images of nations and the flow of international capital with special reference to the role of rating agencies. Deutsches Ubersee-Institut (pp. 2-6). Singapure: Deutsches Ubersee-Institut.
  • Lipschultz, J. H. (2007). Framing Terror: Violence, Social Conflict, and the
  • McCombs, M., & Shaw, D. L. (1972). The agenda-setting function of the press. Public Opinion Quarterly, 36, 176-187.
  • McNair, B. (2010). UK media coverage of September 11. Journal of Media Sociology, 2(1-4), 29- 37.
  • McQuail, D. (1994). Mass Communication Theory: An Introduction. California: Sage.Poole, E& / Richardson, J.E. (2006). Muslims and the News Media. London: IB Tauris.
  • McQueen, D. (2010). Panorama's coverage of 9-11 and the war on terror. In Political Studies Association (PSA) Conference: Sixty Years of Political Studies: Achievements and Futures, 29 March-1April 2010, Edinburgh University, Scotland.
  • Monahan, B. A. (2010). The shock of the news: Media coverage and the making of 9/11. NYU Press.
  • Rafique , Muhammad, (2013). Us Image In The Pakistani Print Media: A Case Study of Pre and Post Abbottabad Operation, NDU Journal.
  • Rafique, N. (2015). Pakistan-US Relations. Strategic Studies, 35(3), 43-70.
  • Rafique,(2011).Pakistan-US Relations: Reset After 2011retrieved dated 10-04-2019 http://issi.org.pk/wp content/uploads/2016/05/Najam_Vol.35_No.3_2015.pdf
  • Safdar, A. (2015). A comparative study of Pakistani & British newspapers' editorials on the coverage of 'War on Terror' (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Utara Malaysia)
  • Safdar, A., & Budiman, A. M. (2018). Reportage of War on Terror by Pakistani Print Media: With Agenda setting perspective. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS), 38(1), 48- 49.
  • Saleem, N. (2007). US media framing of foreign countries image: An analytical perspective. Canadian Journal of Media Studies, 2(1), 130-162.
  • Shabbir, M. (2012). Pakistan's image dilemma: Quest for remedial action. ISSRA Papers, 29-58.
  • Shabir, G., Ali, S., & Iqbal, Z. (2011). US mass media and image of Afghanistan: Portrayal of Afghanistan by Newsweek and Time. South Asian Studies, 26(1), 83-101.
  • Shabir, G., Hussain, T., & Iqbal, Y. (2014). Portrayal of Pakistan in the New York Times and the Washington Post: A Study of Editorials during 2008 to 2010. Mass Communication and Journalism, 4, 179.
  • Shah, H. (2010). The inside pages: An analysis of the Pakistani Press: The Tongue-tied Press of Pakistan: Comparing English and Urdu Newspapers. The Center for Strategic and International Studies. Reterieved February 24, 2012, from http://www. pdfdetective.com/pdf/the-inside-pages- an-analysis-of-the pakistani-press- 34817.html.
  • Shah, Z. Alternative Perspective on Afghanistan Endgame.International Research Journal of Social Sciences, 2(8), 25-37.
  • Sohrab, W., & Choudhry, I. (2012). Pak-US Relations in 21st Century: Challenges and Opportunities for Pakistan. Berkeley Journal of Social Sciences, 2(3), 1-16.
  • Sultana, S., & Khawaja Alqama, S. (2012). Pakistan: The Critical Battlefield of War on Terrorism. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences (PJSS), 32(1).49-63.
  • Tankard, J. W. (2001). The empirical approach to the study of media framing. Framing public life:
  • United States Department of State. (2015). Country Reports on Terrorism 2014.
  • US Department of State. (2014). Country Reports on Terrorism 2013. Retrieved from http://www.state.gov/j/ct/ rls/crt/ 2014/ 239408.htm.
  • US, Pakistan Ties Fully Repaired: Khar. (2012, November 28). Express Tribune. Retrieved from http://tribune.com.pk/story/472225/us-pakistan-ties-fully-repairedkhar
  • Yousaf, S. (2012). Representation of Pakistan: A Framing Analysis of the Coverage in the US and Chinese News Media Surrounding Operation Zarb-e-Azb. International Journal of Communication, 9, 23.
  • Yousaf, Z., & Sheikh, M. U. (2016). Treatment of Terrorism Issue in Pakistani Minorities Press. Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities (1994-7046), 24(2).
  • Yousufi, M., & Islam, F. U. (2017). A Critical Analysis of Terrorism and Military Operations in Malakand Division (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa). Global Social Sciences Review, 2(2), 109- 121.

Cite this article

    APA : Khattak, J. A., Afridi, M. K., & Hussain, S. (2020). Pakistan as Frontline State in War on Terror: Framing Analysis of the New York Times. Global Mass Communication Review, V(IV), 172-185. https://doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2020(V-IV).13
    CHICAGO : Khattak, Javed Ahmed, Manzoor Khan Afridi, and Shabbir Hussain. 2020. "Pakistan as Frontline State in War on Terror: Framing Analysis of the New York Times." Global Mass Communication Review, V (IV): 172-185 doi: 10.31703/gmcr.2020(V-IV).13
    HARVARD : KHATTAK, J. A., AFRIDI, M. K. & HUSSAIN, S. 2020. Pakistan as Frontline State in War on Terror: Framing Analysis of the New York Times. Global Mass Communication Review, V, 172-185.
    MHRA : Khattak, Javed Ahmed, Manzoor Khan Afridi, and Shabbir Hussain. 2020. "Pakistan as Frontline State in War on Terror: Framing Analysis of the New York Times." Global Mass Communication Review, V: 172-185
    MLA : Khattak, Javed Ahmed, Manzoor Khan Afridi, and Shabbir Hussain. "Pakistan as Frontline State in War on Terror: Framing Analysis of the New York Times." Global Mass Communication Review, V.IV (2020): 172-185 Print.
    OXFORD : Khattak, Javed Ahmed, Afridi, Manzoor Khan, and Hussain, Shabbir (2020), "Pakistan as Frontline State in War on Terror: Framing Analysis of the New York Times", Global Mass Communication Review, V (IV), 172-185
    TURABIAN : Khattak, Javed Ahmed, Manzoor Khan Afridi, and Shabbir Hussain. "Pakistan as Frontline State in War on Terror: Framing Analysis of the New York Times." Global Mass Communication Review V, no. IV (2020): 172-185. https://doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2020(V-IV).13