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- Couldry, N. (2006). Culture and citizenship: The missing link?. European journal of cultural studies, 9(3), 321-339. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549406066076
- Dhaha, I. S. Y., & Igale, A. B. (2013). Facebook usage among Somali youth: A test of uses and gratifications approach. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3(3), 299-313.
- Dogruer, N., Menevi, I., & Eyyam, R. (2011). What is the motivation for using Facebook?. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 2642-2646
- Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook “Friends:†social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(4), 1143-1168. https://doi.org/:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x
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- Griffiths, M. D., & Kuss, D. (2017). Adolescent social media addiction (revisited). Education and Health, 35(3), 49-52.
- Hargittai, E. (2007). Whose space? Differences among users and non-users of social network sites. Journal of Computer- Mediated Communication, 13(1), 276-297. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00396.x
- Hollenbaugh, E. E. (2011). Motives for maintaining personal journal blogs. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(1-2), 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0403
- Horzum, M. B. (2016). Examining the relationship to gender and personality on the purpose of Facebook usage of Turkish university students. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 319-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.06.010
- Kim, Y., Sohn, D., & Choi, S. M. (2011). Cultural difference in motivations for using social network sites: A comparative study of American and Korean college students. Computers in human behavior, 27(1), 365-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.08.015
- Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2011). Online social networking and addiction—a review of the psychological literature. International journal of environmental research and public health, 8(9), 3528-3552. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8093528
- Lee, E., Kim, Y. J., & Ahn, J. (2013). Effects of brand self-disclosure and user social connectedness on response to Facebook brand fan pages. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 13(8), 60-71. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2013.13.08.060
- Leung, L. (2013). Generational differences in content generation in social media: The roles of the gratifications sought and of narcissism. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 997-1006. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.028
- Makashvili, M., Ujmajuridze, B., & Amirejibi, T. (2013). Gender Difference in the Motives for the Use of Facebook. Asian Journal for Humanities and Social Studies (AJHSS), 1(03), 130-135. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.4946.7845
- Marino, C., Finos, L., Vieno, A., Lenzi, M., & Spada, M. M. (2017). Objective Facebook behavior: Differences between problematic and non-problematic users. Computers in Human Behavior, 73, 541-546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.04.015
- MartÃn-Barbero, J. (1993). Communication, culture and hegemony: From the media to mediations (164). London: Sage
- Nadkarni, A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012). Why do people use Facebook?. Personality and individual differences, 52(3), 243-249.
- Noumeur, M. N. (2019). Online Self- Representation Of Malaysian Women:: A Facebook Case Study Of University Students. Jurnal Pengajian Media Malaysia, 21(1), 15-30. https://doi.org/10.22452/jpmm.vol21no1.2
- Papacharissi, Z. (2002). The presentation of self in virtual life: Characteristics of personal home pages. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 79(3), 643-660. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900207900307
- Papacharissi, Z., & Rubin, A. M. (2000). Predictors of Internet use. Journal of broadcasting & electronic media, 44(2), 175- 196. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem4402_2
- Peachey, A., & Childs, M. (2011). Virtual worlds and identity. Reinventing Ourselves: Contemporary Concepts of Identity in Virtual Worlds, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-361-9_1
- Rubin, R. B., Perse, E. M., & Barbato, C. A. (1988). Conceptualization and measurement of interpersonal communication motives. Human Communication Research, 14(4), 602-628. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1988.tb00169.x
- Ryan, T., Chester, A., Reece, J., & Xenos, S. (2014). The uses and abuses of Facebook: A review of Facebook addiction. Journal of behavioral addictions, 3(3), 133-148. https://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.3.2014.016
- Silverstone, R. (1999). What's new about new media? Introduction. New Media & Society, 1(1), 10-12.
- Williamson, E. J., Walker, A. J., Bhaskaran, K., Bacon, S., Bates, C., Morton, C. E., & Goldacre, B. (2020). Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature, 584(7821), 430- 436. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4.
- Wood, M. A., Bukowski, W. M., & Lis, E. (2016). The digital self: How social media serves as a setting that shapes youth’s emotional experiences. Adolescent Research Review, 1(2), 163-173.
- Yang, C. C., & Brown, B. B. (2013). Motives for using Facebook, patterns of Facebook activities, and late adolescents’ social adjustment to college. Journal of youth and adolescence, 42(3), 403-416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9836-x
- Yu, E., & Kim, H. C. (2020). Is she really happy? A dual-path model of narcissistic self-presentation outcomes for female facebook users. Computers in Human Behavior, 108, 106328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106328
- Alhabash, S., & Ma, M. (2017). A tale of four platforms: Motivations and uses of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat among college students?. Social media + society, 3(1), https://doi.org/2056305117691544.
- Bányai, F., Zsila, Ã., Király, O., Maraz, A., Elekes, Z., Griffiths, M. D., & Demetrovics, Z. (2017). Problematic social media use: Results from a large- scale nationally representative adolescent sample. PloS one, 12(1), e0169839. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.016 9839
- Brandtzæg, P. B., & Heim, J. (2009). Why people use social networking sites. Online Communities and Social Computing, 143- 152. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02774-1_16
- Charney, T. & Greenberg, B. (2001). Uses and gratifications of the Internet. In C. Lin & D. Atkin (Eds.), Communication, technology and society: New media adoption and uses. Hampton Press
- Couldry, N. (2006). Culture and citizenship: The missing link?. European journal of cultural studies, 9(3), 321-339. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367549406066076
- Dhaha, I. S. Y., & Igale, A. B. (2013). Facebook usage among Somali youth: A test of uses and gratifications approach. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3(3), 299-313.
- Dogruer, N., Menevi, I., & Eyyam, R. (2011). What is the motivation for using Facebook?. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 15, 2642-2646
- Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2007). The benefits of Facebook “Friends:†social capital and college students’ use of online social network sites. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 12(4), 1143-1168. https://doi.org/:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00367.x
- Enli, G. S., & Thumim, N. (2012). Socializing and self-representation online: Exploring Facebook. Observatorio (OBS*), 6(1). https://doi.org/10.15847/obsOBS612012489
- Facebook MAU worldwide 2020. (2021, April 28). / https://www.statista.com/statistics/26481 0/number-of-monthly-active-facebook-users-worldwide
- Gil-Or, O., Levi-Belz, Y., & Turel, O. (2015). The “Facebook-selfâ€: Characteristics and psychological predictors of false self- presentation on Facebook. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 99. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00099
- Griffiths, M. D., & Kuss, D. (2017). Adolescent social media addiction (revisited). Education and Health, 35(3), 49-52.
- Hargittai, E. (2007). Whose space? Differences among users and non-users of social network sites. Journal of Computer- Mediated Communication, 13(1), 276-297. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00396.x
- Hollenbaugh, E. E. (2011). Motives for maintaining personal journal blogs. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(1-2), 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2009.0403
- Horzum, M. B. (2016). Examining the relationship to gender and personality on the purpose of Facebook usage of Turkish university students. Computers in Human Behavior, 64, 319-328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.06.010
- Kim, Y., Sohn, D., & Choi, S. M. (2011). Cultural difference in motivations for using social network sites: A comparative study of American and Korean college students. Computers in human behavior, 27(1), 365-372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.08.015
- Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2011). Online social networking and addiction—a review of the psychological literature. International journal of environmental research and public health, 8(9), 3528-3552. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8093528
- Lee, E., Kim, Y. J., & Ahn, J. (2013). Effects of brand self-disclosure and user social connectedness on response to Facebook brand fan pages. The Journal of the Korea Contents Association, 13(8), 60-71. https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2013.13.08.060
- Leung, L. (2013). Generational differences in content generation in social media: The roles of the gratifications sought and of narcissism. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(3), 997-1006. https://doi.org/:10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.028
- Makashvili, M., Ujmajuridze, B., & Amirejibi, T. (2013). Gender Difference in the Motives for the Use of Facebook. Asian Journal for Humanities and Social Studies (AJHSS), 1(03), 130-135. https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.4946.7845
- Marino, C., Finos, L., Vieno, A., Lenzi, M., & Spada, M. M. (2017). Objective Facebook behavior: Differences between problematic and non-problematic users. Computers in Human Behavior, 73, 541-546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.04.015
- MartÃn-Barbero, J. (1993). Communication, culture and hegemony: From the media to mediations (164). London: Sage
- Nadkarni, A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012). Why do people use Facebook?. Personality and individual differences, 52(3), 243-249.
- Noumeur, M. N. (2019). Online Self- Representation Of Malaysian Women:: A Facebook Case Study Of University Students. Jurnal Pengajian Media Malaysia, 21(1), 15-30. https://doi.org/10.22452/jpmm.vol21no1.2
- Papacharissi, Z. (2002). The presentation of self in virtual life: Characteristics of personal home pages. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 79(3), 643-660. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900207900307
- Papacharissi, Z., & Rubin, A. M. (2000). Predictors of Internet use. Journal of broadcasting & electronic media, 44(2), 175- 196. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem4402_2
- Peachey, A., & Childs, M. (2011). Virtual worlds and identity. Reinventing Ourselves: Contemporary Concepts of Identity in Virtual Worlds, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-361-9_1
- Rubin, R. B., Perse, E. M., & Barbato, C. A. (1988). Conceptualization and measurement of interpersonal communication motives. Human Communication Research, 14(4), 602-628. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.1988.tb00169.x
- Ryan, T., Chester, A., Reece, J., & Xenos, S. (2014). The uses and abuses of Facebook: A review of Facebook addiction. Journal of behavioral addictions, 3(3), 133-148. https://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.3.2014.016
- Silverstone, R. (1999). What's new about new media? Introduction. New Media & Society, 1(1), 10-12.
- Williamson, E. J., Walker, A. J., Bhaskaran, K., Bacon, S., Bates, C., Morton, C. E., & Goldacre, B. (2020). Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature, 584(7821), 430- 436. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2521-4.
- Wood, M. A., Bukowski, W. M., & Lis, E. (2016). The digital self: How social media serves as a setting that shapes youth’s emotional experiences. Adolescent Research Review, 1(2), 163-173.
- Yang, C. C., & Brown, B. B. (2013). Motives for using Facebook, patterns of Facebook activities, and late adolescents’ social adjustment to college. Journal of youth and adolescence, 42(3), 403-416. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-012-9836-x
- Yu, E., & Kim, H. C. (2020). Is she really happy? A dual-path model of narcissistic self-presentation outcomes for female facebook users. Computers in Human Behavior, 108, 106328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106328
Cite this article
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APA : Anwar, M. N., Alam, A., & Zia, M. (2022). Self-Representation on Facebook: What Does It Gratify?. Global Mass Communication Review, VII(I), 37-48. https://doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2022(VII-I).04
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CHICAGO : Anwar, Muhammad Naseem, Ayesha Alam, and Maria Zia. 2022. "Self-Representation on Facebook: What Does It Gratify?." Global Mass Communication Review, VII (I): 37-48 doi: 10.31703/gmcr.2022(VII-I).04
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HARVARD : ANWAR, M. N., ALAM, A. & ZIA, M. 2022. Self-Representation on Facebook: What Does It Gratify?. Global Mass Communication Review, VII, 37-48.
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MHRA : Anwar, Muhammad Naseem, Ayesha Alam, and Maria Zia. 2022. "Self-Representation on Facebook: What Does It Gratify?." Global Mass Communication Review, VII: 37-48
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MLA : Anwar, Muhammad Naseem, Ayesha Alam, and Maria Zia. "Self-Representation on Facebook: What Does It Gratify?." Global Mass Communication Review, VII.I (2022): 37-48 Print.
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OXFORD : Anwar, Muhammad Naseem, Alam, Ayesha, and Zia, Maria (2022), "Self-Representation on Facebook: What Does It Gratify?", Global Mass Communication Review, VII (I), 37-48
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TURABIAN : Anwar, Muhammad Naseem, Ayesha Alam, and Maria Zia. "Self-Representation on Facebook: What Does It Gratify?." Global Mass Communication Review VII, no. I (2022): 37-48. https://doi.org/10.31703/gmcr.2022(VII-I).04